2015
Fernández E, Ballbè M, Sureda X, Fu M, Saltó E, Martínez-Sánchez JM.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2015;2:423–429.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid26452675,
title = {Particulate Matter from Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Cigarettes: a Systematic Review and Observational Study},
author = {Fernández E and Ballbè M and Sureda X and Fu M and Saltó E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},
doi = {10.1007/s40572-015-0072-x},
issn = {2196-5412},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-01},
journal = {Curr Environ Health Rep},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {423--429},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to review the literature on the composition of aerosols from electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) originated by human vaping and to describe the emission of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM(2.5)) from conventional and e-cigarettes at home in real-use conditions.nnMETHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Science. We measured PM(2.5) in four different homes: one from a conventional cigarette smoker, one from an e-cigarette user, and two from non-smokers.nnRESULTS: The review identified eight previous investigations on the composition of aerosols from e-cigarettes originated by human vaping and indicated that emissions from e-cigarettes can contain potential toxic compounds such as nicotine, carbonyls, metals, and organic volatile compounds, besides particulate matter. In the observational study, the PM(2.5) median concentration was 9.88 μg/m³ in the e-cigarette user home and 9.53 and 9.36 μg/m³ in the smoke-free homes, with PM(2.5) peaks concurrent with the e-cigarette puffs.nnCONCLUSION: Both the literature review and the observational study indicate that e-cigarettes used under real-conditions emit toxicants, including PM(2.5). Further research is needed to characterize the chemicals emitted by different types of e-cigarettes and to assess secondhand exposure to e-cigarette aerosol using biological markers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to review the literature on the composition of aerosols from electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) originated by human vaping and to describe the emission of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM(2.5)) from conventional and e-cigarettes at home in real-use conditions.nnMETHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Science. We measured PM(2.5) in four different homes: one from a conventional cigarette smoker, one from an e-cigarette user, and two from non-smokers.nnRESULTS: The review identified eight previous investigations on the composition of aerosols from e-cigarettes originated by human vaping and indicated that emissions from e-cigarettes can contain potential toxic compounds such as nicotine, carbonyls, metals, and organic volatile compounds, besides particulate matter. In the observational study, the PM(2.5) median concentration was 9.88 μg/m³ in the e-cigarette user home and 9.53 and 9.36 μg/m³ in the smoke-free homes, with PM(2.5) peaks concurrent with the e-cigarette puffs.nnCONCLUSION: Both the literature review and the observational study indicate that e-cigarettes used under real-conditions emit toxicants, including PM(2.5). Further research is needed to characterize the chemicals emitted by different types of e-cigarettes and to assess secondhand exposure to e-cigarette aerosol using biological markers.
Fernández E, Lugo A, Clancy L, Matsuo K, La Vecchia C, Gallus S.
Smoking dependence in 18 European countries: Hard to maintain the hardening hypothesis. Article
Prev Med. 2015;81:314–319.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid26441299,
title = {Smoking dependence in 18 European countries: Hard to maintain the hardening hypothesis},
author = {Fernández E and Lugo A and Clancy L and Matsuo K and La Vecchia C and Gallus S},
doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.09.023},
issn = {1096-0260},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-01},
journal = {Prev Med},
volume = {81},
pages = {314--319},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: When the prevalence of smoking decreases in a population, there is a hypothesis-the so-called "hardening hypothesis"-that the remaining smokers form a subgroup of "hardcore smokers." Our aims were to test the hardening hypothesis and to analyze the determinants of high dependence taking into account both individual and country-level characteristics.nnMETHOD: Within the Pricing Policies and Control of Tobacco in Europe (PPACTE) project, we conducted a face-to-face survey on smoking between January and July 2010 in 18 European countries, including 2882 male and 2254 female smokers with complete information on smoking dependence. The Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) was used as a measure of tobacco dependence. We correlated smoking prevalence and dependence using the country as unit of analysis. Moreover, we fitted multilevel logistic regression models.nnRESULTS: Country-specific prevalence of smoking was positively, although not significantly, correlated with the proportion of highly tobacco-dependent smokers (overall rsp=0.203, p=0.419), both in men (rsp=0.235, p=0.347) and women (rsp=0.455, p=0.058). Using individual-level analysis, high dependence was positively related to age, and, although not significantly, to smoking prevalence, and inversely related to level of education. The lack of a smoking ban at home was positively related to smoking dependence.nnCONCLUSIONS: Using both ecological and individual-level analyses, the relations between smoking prevalence and HSI were not significant, but in the opposite direction as compared to that assumed by the "hardening hypothesis." Therefore, our data provide empirical evidence against this theory, thus supporting the feasibility of an endgame strategy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: When the prevalence of smoking decreases in a population, there is a hypothesis-the so-called "hardening hypothesis"-that the remaining smokers form a subgroup of "hardcore smokers." Our aims were to test the hardening hypothesis and to analyze the determinants of high dependence taking into account both individual and country-level characteristics.nnMETHOD: Within the Pricing Policies and Control of Tobacco in Europe (PPACTE) project, we conducted a face-to-face survey on smoking between January and July 2010 in 18 European countries, including 2882 male and 2254 female smokers with complete information on smoking dependence. The Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) was used as a measure of tobacco dependence. We correlated smoking prevalence and dependence using the country as unit of analysis. Moreover, we fitted multilevel logistic regression models.nnRESULTS: Country-specific prevalence of smoking was positively, although not significantly, correlated with the proportion of highly tobacco-dependent smokers (overall rsp=0.203, p=0.419), both in men (rsp=0.235, p=0.347) and women (rsp=0.455, p=0.058). Using individual-level analysis, high dependence was positively related to age, and, although not significantly, to smoking prevalence, and inversely related to level of education. The lack of a smoking ban at home was positively related to smoking dependence.nnCONCLUSIONS: Using both ecological and individual-level analyses, the relations between smoking prevalence and HSI were not significant, but in the opposite direction as compared to that assumed by the "hardening hypothesis." Therefore, our data provide empirical evidence against this theory, thus supporting the feasibility of an endgame strategy.
Martínez-Sánchez JM, Fu M, Martín-Sánchez JC, Ballbè M, Saltó E, Fernández E.
BMJ Open. 2015;5:e009218.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid26534735,
title = {Perception of electronic cigarettes in the general population: does their usefulness outweigh their risks?},
author = {Martínez-Sánchez JM and Fu M and Martín-Sánchez JC and Ballbè M and Saltó E and Fernández E},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009218},
issn = {2044-6055},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-11-01},
journal = {BMJ Open},
volume = {5},
number = {11},
pages = {e009218},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the perceptions of the general population about the harmful effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on users and on those passively exposed to e-cigarettes and the perceptions about e-cigarette usefulness for reducing or eliminating tobacco smoking.nnDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We analysed cross-sectional data from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the general adult (≥16 years) population of Barcelona, Spain (336 men and 400 women). The fieldwork was conducted between May 2013 and February 2014. We computed the percentages, adjusted OR and their corresponding 95% CI among participants with some awareness of e-cigarettes (79.2% of the sample).nnPRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the perception about harmfulness for e-cigarette users and for passively exposed non-e-cigarette users, as well as the perception of usefulness for smokers of cigarette cessation and reduction.nnRESULTS: In this sample, 40.1% thought that e-cigarettes had a harmful effect on users, and 27.1% thought that e-cigarettes had a harmful effect on passively exposed bystanders (p<0.001). Particularly, more never-smokers perceived that e-cigarettes had harmful effects on passively exposed bystanders than current smokers (34.4% vs 20.6%; OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.63). More people perceived e-cigarettes as being useful for reducing smoking than for quitting (50.6% vs 29.9%, p<0.001), as well as for reducing smoking than as being harmful to users (50.6% vs 40.1%, p=0.044).nnDISCUSSION: The perception that e-cigarettes are useful for reducing tobacco consumption was more prevalent than the perception that e-cigarettes are harmful to users and to those passively exposed to e-cigarettes. Advertisements and messages about the use of e-cigarettes and their harmful effects should be regulated and based on scientific evidence to avoid creating erroneous ideas about their use.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the perceptions of the general population about the harmful effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on users and on those passively exposed to e-cigarettes and the perceptions about e-cigarette usefulness for reducing or eliminating tobacco smoking.nnDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We analysed cross-sectional data from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the general adult (≥16 years) population of Barcelona, Spain (336 men and 400 women). The fieldwork was conducted between May 2013 and February 2014. We computed the percentages, adjusted OR and their corresponding 95% CI among participants with some awareness of e-cigarettes (79.2% of the sample).nnPRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the perception about harmfulness for e-cigarette users and for passively exposed non-e-cigarette users, as well as the perception of usefulness for smokers of cigarette cessation and reduction.nnRESULTS: In this sample, 40.1% thought that e-cigarettes had a harmful effect on users, and 27.1% thought that e-cigarettes had a harmful effect on passively exposed bystanders (p<0.001). Particularly, more never-smokers perceived that e-cigarettes had harmful effects on passively exposed bystanders than current smokers (34.4% vs 20.6%; OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.63). More people perceived e-cigarettes as being useful for reducing smoking than for quitting (50.6% vs 29.9%, p<0.001), as well as for reducing smoking than as being harmful to users (50.6% vs 40.1%, p=0.044).nnDISCUSSION: The perception that e-cigarettes are useful for reducing tobacco consumption was more prevalent than the perception that e-cigarettes are harmful to users and to those passively exposed to e-cigarettes. Advertisements and messages about the use of e-cigarettes and their harmful effects should be regulated and based on scientific evidence to avoid creating erroneous ideas about their use.
Ballbè M, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Gual A, Martínez C, Fu M, Sureda X, Padrón-Monedero A, Galán I, Fernández E.
Addict Behav. 2015;50:84–88.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid26111658,
title = {Association of second-hand smoke exposure at home with psychological distress in the Spanish adult population},
author = {Ballbè M and Martínez-Sánchez JM and Gual A and Martínez C and Fu M and Sureda X and Padrón-Monedero A and Galán I and Fernández E},
doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.020},
issn = {1873-6327},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-11-01},
journal = {Addict Behav},
volume = {50},
pages = {84--88},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure has been associated with increased risks of respiratory and heart diseases. However, little is known about the potential effects of SHS on psychological distress. The aim of this study is to examine the association of SHS exposure at home with psychological distress in Spain.nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional survey about SHS exposure, socio-demographic and health related variables, and psychological distress, measured with the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) with a cut-off score ≥ 3, was conducted from 2011-2012 among a representative sample of the adult population (aged ≥ 15 years) of Spain. From the total sample (n = 21,007), we used the subsample of never-smokers (n = 11,214). We computed the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for scoring ≥ 3 on the GHQ by means of unconditional multiple logistic regression models adjusted for sex and age.nnRESULTS: In the subsample, 9.7% (n = 1,090) responded that they were exposed to SHS at home. The prevalence of subjects scoring ≥ 3 on the GHQ was higher for the sample exposed to SHS (22.7%) than for the non-exposed sample (18.9%; OR: 1.39; CI: 1.19-1.62). This association was also present when stratified for sex, age, marital status, socio-economic status, perceived general health, presence of any chronic disease, and alcohol intake.nnCONCLUSIONS: Exposure to SHS at home is associated with psychological distress. Further investigation is necessary to determine if this association is causal. Avoiding SHS exposure at home could have beneficial effects on psychological distress.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION: Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure has been associated with increased risks of respiratory and heart diseases. However, little is known about the potential effects of SHS on psychological distress. The aim of this study is to examine the association of SHS exposure at home with psychological distress in Spain.nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional survey about SHS exposure, socio-demographic and health related variables, and psychological distress, measured with the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) with a cut-off score ≥ 3, was conducted from 2011-2012 among a representative sample of the adult population (aged ≥ 15 years) of Spain. From the total sample (n = 21,007), we used the subsample of never-smokers (n = 11,214). We computed the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for scoring ≥ 3 on the GHQ by means of unconditional multiple logistic regression models adjusted for sex and age.nnRESULTS: In the subsample, 9.7% (n = 1,090) responded that they were exposed to SHS at home. The prevalence of subjects scoring ≥ 3 on the GHQ was higher for the sample exposed to SHS (22.7%) than for the non-exposed sample (18.9%; OR: 1.39; CI: 1.19-1.62). This association was also present when stratified for sex, age, marital status, socio-economic status, perceived general health, presence of any chronic disease, and alcohol intake.nnCONCLUSIONS: Exposure to SHS at home is associated with psychological distress. Further investigation is necessary to determine if this association is causal. Avoiding SHS exposure at home could have beneficial effects on psychological distress.
García-Altés A, Pinilla J, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, Fernández E, López MJ.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17:1397–1400.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid25586775,
title = {Economic Impact of Smoke-Free Legislation: Did the Spanish Tobacco Control Law Affect the Economic Activity of Bars and Restaurants?},
author = {García-Altés A and Pinilla J and Marí-Dell'Olmo M and Fernández E and López MJ},
doi = {10.1093/ntr/ntu346},
issn = {1469-994X},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-11-01},
journal = {Nicotine Tob Res},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {1397--1400},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The potential of smoke-free bans to negatively impact the hospitality business has been an argument of the hospitality and tobacco industry against such legislation. A partial smoke-free legislation was introduced in Spain in 2006 allowing smoking in most bars and restaurants due to the pressure of the hospitality sector. However, this partial ban was later amended in 2011 to include all the hospitality premises without exceptions. The stepped Spanish process permits to evaluate whether the entry into force of the smoke-free legislation had any effect on the economic activity of the hospitality sector.nnMETHODS: We employed a pooled time series cross-sectional design, with national data over 6 years (2006-2011). The dependent variable used was the total number of bars and restaurants per 100,000 inhabitants. The explanatory variables used were the average amount of spending per household in bars and restaurants, and the total unemployment rate in Spain by regions.nnRESULTS: For every 1% increase in the unemployment rate there was a 0.05% decrease in the number of bars and restaurants. In 2007, the number of bars and restaurants was significantly reduced by 13.06% (all others factors being held constant), 4.87% in 2008, and 10.42% in 2009. No statistically significant effect of the smoke-free legislation emerged from 2010 (6.76%) to 2011 (7.69%).nnCONCLUSION: The new Spanish smoke-free legislation had no effect on the number of bars and restaurants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION: The potential of smoke-free bans to negatively impact the hospitality business has been an argument of the hospitality and tobacco industry against such legislation. A partial smoke-free legislation was introduced in Spain in 2006 allowing smoking in most bars and restaurants due to the pressure of the hospitality sector. However, this partial ban was later amended in 2011 to include all the hospitality premises without exceptions. The stepped Spanish process permits to evaluate whether the entry into force of the smoke-free legislation had any effect on the economic activity of the hospitality sector.nnMETHODS: We employed a pooled time series cross-sectional design, with national data over 6 years (2006-2011). The dependent variable used was the total number of bars and restaurants per 100,000 inhabitants. The explanatory variables used were the average amount of spending per household in bars and restaurants, and the total unemployment rate in Spain by regions.nnRESULTS: For every 1% increase in the unemployment rate there was a 0.05% decrease in the number of bars and restaurants. In 2007, the number of bars and restaurants was significantly reduced by 13.06% (all others factors being held constant), 4.87% in 2008, and 10.42% in 2009. No statistically significant effect of the smoke-free legislation emerged from 2010 (6.76%) to 2011 (7.69%).nnCONCLUSION: The new Spanish smoke-free legislation had no effect on the number of bars and restaurants.
Ballbè M, Sureda X, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Fu M, Saltó E, Gual A, Fernández E.
Secondhand smoke in psychiatric units: patient and staff misperceptions. Article
Tob Control. 2015;24:e212–e220.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid25239470,
title = {Secondhand smoke in psychiatric units: patient and staff misperceptions},
author = {Ballbè M and Sureda X and Martínez-Sánchez JM and Fu M and Saltó E and Gual A and Fernández E},
doi = {10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051585},
issn = {1468-3318},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-01},
journal = {Tob Control},
volume = {24},
number = {e3},
pages = {e212--e220},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental health units have usually been exempted from complete smoke-free policies. The aim of this study was to compare the self-reported level of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) of patients and staff in psychiatric units to objective measures, and examine preference for different types of smoking bans.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional survey about ban preferences and self-reported exposure to SHS by means of a self-administered questionnaire administered to patients and staff from 65 inpatient psychiatric units in Catalonia (95.5% of all units). We measured air concentrations of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5 in µg/m(3)) as a marker of SHS in these units.nnRESULTS: 600 patients and 575 professionals completed the questionnaire. 78.7% of them were objectively exposed to SHS (PM2.5>10 μm/m(3)) but 56.9% of patients and 33.6% of staff believed they were not exposed at all and 41.6% of patients and 28.4% of staff believed the environment was not at all unhealthy. Nurses had a higher smoking prevalence than psychiatrists (35.8% vs 17.2%; p<0.001), and nurses had a higher perception of being moderately highly exposed to SHS (40.3% vs 26.2%; p<0.001). PM2.5 levels were significantly different depending on the type of smoking ban implemented but unrelated to the perception of SHS levels by both patients and staff. Only 29.3% of staff and 14.1% of patients strongly supported total smoking bans.nnCONCLUSIONS: Patients and staff have substantial misperceptions about the extent of their exposure to SHS and low awareness about the harmful environment in which they stay/work. This might have an influence on the preference for less restrictive smoke-free bans. It is particularly noteworthy that less that one-third of mental health staff supported smoke-free units, suggesting an urgent need for further education about the harmful health effects of SHS.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Mental health units have usually been exempted from complete smoke-free policies. The aim of this study was to compare the self-reported level of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) of patients and staff in psychiatric units to objective measures, and examine preference for different types of smoking bans.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional survey about ban preferences and self-reported exposure to SHS by means of a self-administered questionnaire administered to patients and staff from 65 inpatient psychiatric units in Catalonia (95.5% of all units). We measured air concentrations of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5 in µg/m(3)) as a marker of SHS in these units.nnRESULTS: 600 patients and 575 professionals completed the questionnaire. 78.7% of them were objectively exposed to SHS (PM2.5>10 μm/m(3)) but 56.9% of patients and 33.6% of staff believed they were not exposed at all and 41.6% of patients and 28.4% of staff believed the environment was not at all unhealthy. Nurses had a higher smoking prevalence than psychiatrists (35.8% vs 17.2%; p<0.001), and nurses had a higher perception of being moderately highly exposed to SHS (40.3% vs 26.2%; p<0.001). PM2.5 levels were significantly different depending on the type of smoking ban implemented but unrelated to the perception of SHS levels by both patients and staff. Only 29.3% of staff and 14.1% of patients strongly supported total smoking bans.nnCONCLUSIONS: Patients and staff have substantial misperceptions about the extent of their exposure to SHS and low awareness about the harmful environment in which they stay/work. This might have an influence on the preference for less restrictive smoke-free bans. It is particularly noteworthy that less that one-third of mental health staff supported smoke-free units, suggesting an urgent need for further education about the harmful health effects of SHS.
Hollmann M, Borrell C, Garin O, Fernández E, Alonso J.
Factors influencing publication of scientific articles derived from masters theses in public health. Article
Int J Public Health. 2015;60:495–504.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid25740659,
title = {Factors influencing publication of scientific articles derived from masters theses in public health},
author = {Hollmann M and Borrell C and Garin O and Fernández E and Alonso J},
doi = {10.1007/s00038-015-0664-0},
issn = {1661-8564},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-05-01},
journal = {Int J Public Health},
volume = {60},
number = {4},
pages = {495--504},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To evaluate theses of a Masters program in Public Health (MPH), in terms of the students' and theses' characteristics that influence publication of the thesis as a scientific article.nnMETHODS: Longitudinal study of students who successfully completed the MPH at Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain) from 2006 to 2010. Participants completed an electronic survey and additional data were gathered from university files.nnRESULTS: 162 students participated in the study (83 % response rate). 60.5 % had already published an article derived from their thesis at the time of the study or were in process of publishing it. The likelihood of publishing in a peer-reviewed journal was greater among women (aRR = 1.41), among those who had a bachelor's degree in sciences other than health (aRR = 1.40), had completed the MPH on time (aRR = 2.10), had enrolled in a doctoral program after the MPH (aRR = 1.44) or had a masters thesis score of ≥7 (aRR = 1.61).nnCONCLUSIONS: The majority of MPH students published their thesis in a peer-reviewed journal. The strongest predictors of successful publication were related to academic performance.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate theses of a Masters program in Public Health (MPH), in terms of the students' and theses' characteristics that influence publication of the thesis as a scientific article.nnMETHODS: Longitudinal study of students who successfully completed the MPH at Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain) from 2006 to 2010. Participants completed an electronic survey and additional data were gathered from university files.nnRESULTS: 162 students participated in the study (83 % response rate). 60.5 % had already published an article derived from their thesis at the time of the study or were in process of publishing it. The likelihood of publishing in a peer-reviewed journal was greater among women (aRR = 1.41), among those who had a bachelor's degree in sciences other than health (aRR = 1.40), had completed the MPH on time (aRR = 2.10), had enrolled in a doctoral program after the MPH (aRR = 1.44) or had a masters thesis score of ≥7 (aRR = 1.61).nnCONCLUSIONS: The majority of MPH students published their thesis in a peer-reviewed journal. The strongest predictors of successful publication were related to academic performance.
Sureda X, Fernández E, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Fu M, López MJ, Martínez C, Saltó E.
BMJ Open. 2015;5:e007554.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid25854974,
title = {Secondhand smoke in outdoor settings: smokers' consumption, non-smokers' perceptions, and attitudes towards smoke-free legislation in Spain},
author = {Sureda X and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM and Fu M and López MJ and Martínez C and Saltó E},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007554},
issn = {2044-6055},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-01},
journal = {BMJ Open},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {e007554},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe where smokers smoke outdoors, where non-smokers are exposed outdoors to secondhand smoke (SHS), and attitudes towards smoke-free outdoor areas after the implementation of national smoke-free legislation.nnDESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2011 and March 2012 (n=1307 participants).nnSETTING: Barcelona, Spain.nnPARTICIPANTS: Representative, random sample of the adult (≥16 years) population.nnPRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Proportion of smoking and prevalence of exposure to SHS in the various settings according to type of enclosure. Percentages of support for outdoor smoke-free policies according to smoking status.nnRESULTS: Smokers reported smoking outdoors most in bars and restaurants (54.8%), followed by outdoor places at work (46.8%). According to non-smokers, outdoor SHS exposure was highest at home (42.5%) and in bars and restaurants (33.5%). Among non-smoking adult students, 90% claimed exposure to SHS on university campuses. There was great support for banning smoking in the majority of outdoor areas, which was stronger among non-smokers than smokers. Over 70% of participants supported smoke-free playgrounds, school and high school courtyards, and the grounds of healthcare centres.nnCONCLUSIONS: Extending smoking bans to selected outdoor settings should be considered in further tobacco control interventions to protect non-smokers from SHS exposure and to establish a positive model for youth. The majority of public support for some outdoor smoke-free areas suggests that it is feasible to extend smoking bans to additional outdoor settings.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To describe where smokers smoke outdoors, where non-smokers are exposed outdoors to secondhand smoke (SHS), and attitudes towards smoke-free outdoor areas after the implementation of national smoke-free legislation.nnDESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2011 and March 2012 (n=1307 participants).nnSETTING: Barcelona, Spain.nnPARTICIPANTS: Representative, random sample of the adult (≥16 years) population.nnPRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Proportion of smoking and prevalence of exposure to SHS in the various settings according to type of enclosure. Percentages of support for outdoor smoke-free policies according to smoking status.nnRESULTS: Smokers reported smoking outdoors most in bars and restaurants (54.8%), followed by outdoor places at work (46.8%). According to non-smokers, outdoor SHS exposure was highest at home (42.5%) and in bars and restaurants (33.5%). Among non-smoking adult students, 90% claimed exposure to SHS on university campuses. There was great support for banning smoking in the majority of outdoor areas, which was stronger among non-smokers than smokers. Over 70% of participants supported smoke-free playgrounds, school and high school courtyards, and the grounds of healthcare centres.nnCONCLUSIONS: Extending smoking bans to selected outdoor settings should be considered in further tobacco control interventions to protect non-smokers from SHS exposure and to establish a positive model for youth. The majority of public support for some outdoor smoke-free areas suggests that it is feasible to extend smoking bans to additional outdoor settings.
Raich A, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Marquilles E, Rubio L, Fu M, Fernández E.
Smoking cessation after 12 months with multi-component therapy. Article
Adicciones. 2015;27:37–46.
Abstract | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid25879476,
title = {Smoking cessation after 12 months with multi-component therapy},
author = {Raich A and Martínez-Sánchez JM and Marquilles E and Rubio L and Fu M and Fernández E},
issn = {0214-4840},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-03-01},
journal = {Adicciones},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {37--46},
abstract = {Smoking is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. One of the priorities of public health programmes is the reduction of its prevalence, which would involve millions of people quitting smoking, but cessation programs often have modest results, especially within certain population groups. The aim of this study was to analyze the variables determining the success of a multicomponent therapy programme for smoking cessation. We conducted the study in the Smoking Addiction Unit at the Hospital of Manresa, with 314 patients (91.4% of whom had medium or high-level dependency). We observed that higher educational level, not living with a smoker, following a multimodal programme or smoking cessation with psychological therapy, and pharmacological treatment are relevant factors for quitting smoking. Abstinence rates are not associated with other factors, such as sex, age, smoking behaviour characteristics or psychiatric history. The combination of pharmacological and psychological treatment increased success rates in multicomponent therapy. Psychological therapy only also obtained positive results, though somewhat more modest.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Smoking is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. One of the priorities of public health programmes is the reduction of its prevalence, which would involve millions of people quitting smoking, but cessation programs often have modest results, especially within certain population groups. The aim of this study was to analyze the variables determining the success of a multicomponent therapy programme for smoking cessation. We conducted the study in the Smoking Addiction Unit at the Hospital of Manresa, with 314 patients (91.4% of whom had medium or high-level dependency). We observed that higher educational level, not living with a smoker, following a multimodal programme or smoking cessation with psychological therapy, and pharmacological treatment are relevant factors for quitting smoking. Abstinence rates are not associated with other factors, such as sex, age, smoking behaviour characteristics or psychiatric history. The combination of pharmacological and psychological treatment increased success rates in multicomponent therapy. Psychological therapy only also obtained positive results, though somewhat more modest.
Ballbè M, Martínez C, Saltó E, Cabezas C, Riccobene A, Valverde A, Gual A, Fernández E.
Maintenance of tobacco cessation programmes in public hospitals in Catalonia, Spain. Article
Addict Behav. 2015;42:136–139.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid25462661,
title = {Maintenance of tobacco cessation programmes in public hospitals in Catalonia, Spain},
author = {Ballbè M and Martínez C and Saltó E and Cabezas C and Riccobene A and Valverde A and Gual A and Fernández E},
doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.028},
issn = {1873-6327},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-03-01},
journal = {Addict Behav},
volume = {42},
pages = {136--139},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The provision of smoking cessation interventions in hospitals has been strongly recommended. The aim of this study is to determine the maintenance of smoking cessation programmes for inpatients and hospital workers in hospitals of Catalonia (Spain) seven years after the implementation of a Tobacco Cessation Programme.nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all hospitals that offer public service in Catalonia, Spain (n=73). An online questionnaire was sent to all coordinators of the smoke-free hospital project or managers of each hospital. The survey included questions about the type of hospital, type of programmes implemented and availability and source of smoking cessation drugs.nnRESULTS: Responses to the questionnaire were submitted by 58 hospitals (79.5%). 74% and 93.1% of the hospitals had smoking cessation programmes for inpatients and workers, respectively. Most of the hospitals maintained the programmes and started routinely buying smoking cessation drugs after a period of receiving them free-of-charge. However, 17.2% of the hospitals refused to buy these drugs and 24% never had these drugs available.nnCONCLUSIONS: Through a supportive Tobacco Cessation Programme, most hospitals have smoking cessation programmes for both patients and workers. Most of them have incorporated smoking cessation drugs as a regular resource in their services' portfolio. The lack of these resources may jeopardise the maintenance of well-established programmes in hospitals.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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INTRODUCTION: The provision of smoking cessation interventions in hospitals has been strongly recommended. The aim of this study is to determine the maintenance of smoking cessation programmes for inpatients and hospital workers in hospitals of Catalonia (Spain) seven years after the implementation of a Tobacco Cessation Programme.nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all hospitals that offer public service in Catalonia, Spain (n=73). An online questionnaire was sent to all coordinators of the smoke-free hospital project or managers of each hospital. The survey included questions about the type of hospital, type of programmes implemented and availability and source of smoking cessation drugs.nnRESULTS: Responses to the questionnaire were submitted by 58 hospitals (79.5%). 74% and 93.1% of the hospitals had smoking cessation programmes for inpatients and workers, respectively. Most of the hospitals maintained the programmes and started routinely buying smoking cessation drugs after a period of receiving them free-of-charge. However, 17.2% of the hospitals refused to buy these drugs and 24% never had these drugs available.nnCONCLUSIONS: Through a supportive Tobacco Cessation Programme, most hospitals have smoking cessation programmes for both patients and workers. Most of them have incorporated smoking cessation drugs as a regular resource in their services' portfolio. The lack of these resources may jeopardise the maintenance of well-established programmes in hospitals.
Perez-Rios M, Fernandez E, Schiaffino A, Nebot M, Lopez MJ.
PLoS One. 2015;10:e0128305.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid26066497,
title = {Changes in the Prevalence of Tobacco Consumption and the Profile of Spanish Smokers after a Comprehensive Smoke-Free Policy},
author = {Perez-Rios M and Fernandez E and Schiaffino A and Nebot M and Lopez MJ},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0128305},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {PLoS One},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {e0128305},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A partial smoke-free regulation in Spain was introduced on January 1, 2006, which was subsequently amended to introduce a comprehensive smoke-free policy from 2 January 2011 onward. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of tobacco consumption in Spain and the profile of smokers before (2006) and after (2011) the comprehensive smoking ban passed in 2010.nnMETHODS: Two independent, cross-sectional, population-based surveys were carried out among the adult (≥ 18 years old) Spanish population in 2006 and 2011 through telephone interviews. Both surveys used the same methods and questionnaire. Nicotine dependence was assessed with the Fagerström Test for nicotine dependence and readiness to quit according to the stages of change.nnRESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco consumption showed a nonsignificant decrease from 23.4% in 2006 to 20.7% in 2011. No changes were observed in nicotine dependence or readiness to quit. In 2011, most smokers (76%) showed low nicotine dependence and were mainly in the precontemplation stage (72%).nnCONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smokers has slightly decreased since the introduction of the total smoking ban in Spain. No differences were found in nicotine dependence or readiness to quit.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: A partial smoke-free regulation in Spain was introduced on January 1, 2006, which was subsequently amended to introduce a comprehensive smoke-free policy from 2 January 2011 onward. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of tobacco consumption in Spain and the profile of smokers before (2006) and after (2011) the comprehensive smoking ban passed in 2010.nnMETHODS: Two independent, cross-sectional, population-based surveys were carried out among the adult (≥ 18 years old) Spanish population in 2006 and 2011 through telephone interviews. Both surveys used the same methods and questionnaire. Nicotine dependence was assessed with the Fagerström Test for nicotine dependence and readiness to quit according to the stages of change.nnRESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco consumption showed a nonsignificant decrease from 23.4% in 2006 to 20.7% in 2011. No changes were observed in nicotine dependence or readiness to quit. In 2011, most smokers (76%) showed low nicotine dependence and were mainly in the precontemplation stage (72%).nnCONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smokers has slightly decreased since the introduction of the total smoking ban in Spain. No differences were found in nicotine dependence or readiness to quit.
Martínez-Sánchez JM, Fu M, Ballbè M, Martín-Sánchez JC, Saltó E, Fernández E.
Gac Sanit. 2015;29:296–299.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid25757692,
title = {[Knowledge of electronic cigarettes and their perceived harmfulness among the adult population in Barcelona (Spain)]},
author = {Martínez-Sánchez JM and Fu M and Ballbè M and Martín-Sánchez JC and Saltó E and Fernández E},
doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.01.014},
issn = {1578-1283},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Gac Sanit},
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {296--299},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe knowledge of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and their perceived harmfulness in the population of Barcelona in 2013-2014.nnMETHODS: We used participants from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the adult population in the city of Barcelona (n=736). The field work was conducted between May 2013 and February 2014.nnRESULTS: Awareness of e-cigarette was 79.2%. The average level of knowledge was 4.4 points out of 10; there were statistically significant differences according to age, educational level, tobacco consumption, and nicotine dependence. Most participants had learned about e-cigarettes through traditional media (57.8%). Nearly half (47.2%) of the participants believed that e-cigarettes are less harmful than conventional cigarettes.nnCONCLUSION: Advertising of e-cigarettes in the media should be regulated because there is still scarce scientific evidence about the usefulness and harmful effects of these devices.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To describe knowledge of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and their perceived harmfulness in the population of Barcelona in 2013-2014.nnMETHODS: We used participants from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the adult population in the city of Barcelona (n=736). The field work was conducted between May 2013 and February 2014.nnRESULTS: Awareness of e-cigarette was 79.2%. The average level of knowledge was 4.4 points out of 10; there were statistically significant differences according to age, educational level, tobacco consumption, and nicotine dependence. Most participants had learned about e-cigarettes through traditional media (57.8%). Nearly half (47.2%) of the participants believed that e-cigarettes are less harmful than conventional cigarettes.nnCONCLUSION: Advertising of e-cigarettes in the media should be regulated because there is still scarce scientific evidence about the usefulness and harmful effects of these devices.
Martínez C, Guydish J, Le T, Tajima B, Passalacqua E.
Predictors of quit attempts among smokers enrolled in substance abuse treatment. Article
Addict Behav. 2015;40:1–6.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Etiquetes:
@article{pmid25218064,
title = {Predictors of quit attempts among smokers enrolled in substance abuse treatment},
author = {Martínez C and Guydish J and Le T and Tajima B and Passalacqua E},
doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.08.005},
issn = {1873-6327},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Addict Behav},
volume = {40},
pages = {1--6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study investigates factors predicting past year quit attempts among smokers enrolled in substance abuse treatment in New York State.nnMETHODS: Data were drawn from two prior cross-sectional surveys conducted among clients treated in 10 randomly selected substance abuse treatment programs. Among 820 clients recruited, 542 self-identified as current smokers, and 485 provided information about their quit attempts. The main outcome was reporting a quit smoking attempt in the past year, dichotomized as quit attempters or non-quit attempters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore predictors of attempting to quit.nnRESULTS: Half of substance abuse clients in treatment programs reported a past year quit attempt. Quit attempters were more likely to be in a preparation and contemplation stage of change (preparation: OR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.51-4.77; contemplation: OR=2.96 95% CI: 1.61-5.42), reported more positive attitudes toward quitting (OR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.11-1.99) and received more cessation services than non-quit attempters (OR=1.21; 95% CI: 1.11-1.99).nnCONCLUSIONS: Addressing patient attitudes about quitting smoking, having clinicians address smoking in the course of addiction treatment, and offering interventions to increase readiness to quit may contribute to increased quit attempts in smokers enrolled in addiction treatment programs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION: This study investigates factors predicting past year quit attempts among smokers enrolled in substance abuse treatment in New York State.nnMETHODS: Data were drawn from two prior cross-sectional surveys conducted among clients treated in 10 randomly selected substance abuse treatment programs. Among 820 clients recruited, 542 self-identified as current smokers, and 485 provided information about their quit attempts. The main outcome was reporting a quit smoking attempt in the past year, dichotomized as quit attempters or non-quit attempters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore predictors of attempting to quit.nnRESULTS: Half of substance abuse clients in treatment programs reported a past year quit attempt. Quit attempters were more likely to be in a preparation and contemplation stage of change (preparation: OR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.51-4.77; contemplation: OR=2.96 95% CI: 1.61-5.42), reported more positive attitudes toward quitting (OR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.11-1.99) and received more cessation services than non-quit attempters (OR=1.21; 95% CI: 1.11-1.99).nnCONCLUSIONS: Addressing patient attitudes about quitting smoking, having clinicians address smoking in the course of addiction treatment, and offering interventions to increase readiness to quit may contribute to increased quit attempts in smokers enrolled in addiction treatment programs.